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| Harenna Forest (Bale Mountains, Oromia Regional State) |
In Ethiopia, there are currently seven national parks, wildlife sanctuaries as well as several other protected areas. The conservation status is unsatisfactory in most of these sites. There are several reasons, but one of the challenges is without question the tremendous population pressure. For example, large parts of the Harenna Forest (Bale National Park) is used today by settlers. The decline in dense forests 1973-2000 was 15% between 1973 and 2000. About 4% of the forest disappeared completely (Pinard et al, no date). After restrictive protection measures and bans have failed in recent years, one focuses on a more collaborative approach that incorporates the interests and knowledge of the local population.
This corresponds in principle to the efforts of IUCN to establish so-called
"Indigenous and community Conserved Areas" (ICCA) - a so far unconventional reserve category (Kothari 2009). It remains to be seen whether and to what extent this concept is successful. For the Borana territory in southern Ethiopia Bassi and Tache (2011) have demonstrated the possibilities, but also the limitations of such an approach. Practical obstacles existed, especially in the massive immigration of settlers from other areas, political marginalization of pastoralists, and a de facto privatization of formerly communal land.
